{"id":3389,"date":"2022-04-15T15:00:40","date_gmt":"2022-04-15T15:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/?page_id=3389"},"modified":"2024-05-11T00:16:29","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T00:16:29","slug":"publiclabs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/cities\/havana\/publiclabs\/","title":{"rendered":"PublicLabs in Havana"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3389\" class=\"elementor elementor-3389\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3548e00 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3548e00\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6864b0\" data-id=\"f6864b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-951798a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"951798a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a18007 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2a18007\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PublicLabs in Havana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c39f7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0c39f7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08cbcac e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"08cbcac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-216c358 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"216c358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac667ae e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"ac667ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"180774830\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1807748301\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1807748301\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1807748301\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTransport &amp; Mobility\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1807748302\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1807748302\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1807748302\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tZero Waste\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1807748303\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1807748303\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1807748303\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPolicy &amp; Urban Planning\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1807748301\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1807748301\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-d196370 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d196370\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10707cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"10707cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ed84c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ed84c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Transport is a complex issue in contemporary Havana and the effects of the blockade are extremely visible in this area. The vast majority of the population regardless of the income group they belong to relies on mobility modes that are not associated to private individual vehicles. A private car is a scarce expensive<\/p><p>commodity and there is very low motorisation rate. Mostly, travellers are users of a public transportation based on an old almost exclusively petrol-dependent fleet. Newly introduced options include also collective taxis and other more expensive modes. The extremely low prices of the public transportation (between USD 0.02 \u2013 USD 0.25 excluding collective taxis) means that affordability is not a barrier even for the most vulnerable people in the city. On the other hand, bicycles are stigmatized by the bad memories of the 90 \u0301s when it became the only option available for the majority of the Habaneros. Their numbers have diminished to almost inexistence. The current offer of bikes is beyond reach for most pockets.<\/p><p>The\u00a0supply of buses doesn\u2019t meet the demand, and the increasing\u00a0offers of collective taxis is insufficient and affect other related\u00a0variables. The predominant fleet of vehicles is old and there is\u00a0a lack of resource to cover the needs of maintenance.<\/p><p>The restrictions imposed by U.S.A on finance has been a major factor not only in the maintenance of the means of transport and the access for its replace, but in the low level of investment in infrastructure over many years that contributes to restricted accessibility, danger and a poor quality urban environment. All of this has a negative impact in the provision of public transport and in the capacity to provide better conditions for mobility and accessibility in Havana.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27080b9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27080b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd6ee4a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cd6ee4a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f75068 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f75068\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><strong>Access to Services<\/strong><\/h3><p>Because Cuba has developed widespread affordable healthcare and educational systems during the last 60 years, this has allowed everyone a level of access to good quality service in their own neighbourhoods. This kind of embedded infrastructure, even within informal settlements, increases the accessibility and therefore diminishes the needs of movement around the city.<\/p><p>Paradoxically, this does come with its own risks .<\/p><ul><li>The lack of maintenance of pedestrians infrastructure<\/li><li>Poor conditions of walking infrastructure<\/li><li>Car-oriented road geometry and design<\/li><li>Low traffic volumes combined with drivers \u0301perception of exclusive right to the roads enables relatively high speeds.<\/li><\/ul><p>All of it makes hostile and\u00a0unfriendly to the walkability in vast areas of the city.\u00a0This limits the participation of older people and those with\u00a0disabilities in particular, since\u00a0walking is\u00a0often the only available option.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a133275 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a133275\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f45931c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f45931c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"619\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Web-capture_16-4-2022_04619_drive.google.com_-827x619.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3451\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Web-capture_16-4-2022_04619_drive.google.com_-827x619.jpeg 827w, https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Web-capture_16-4-2022_04619_drive.google.com_-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Web-capture_16-4-2022_04619_drive.google.com_-150x112.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Web-capture_16-4-2022_04619_drive.google.com_-768x575.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Web-capture_16-4-2022_04619_drive.google.com_.jpeg 828w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 827px) 100vw, 827px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1807748302\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1807748302\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-236afab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"236afab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4778f19 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4778f19\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ed6cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51ed6cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The generation and management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a crucial issue worldwide due to, among others, the correlated impacts on sanitation, the environment and public health. In Havana (Cuba), the issue is identified as one of the serious problems facing the city (CITMA, 2016). Havana, has a population of 2 121 871 inhabitants (ONEI, 2015), which represents about 20% of the country&#8217;s population and 26% of its total urban population.<\/p><p>The MSW management system in the Cuban capital is inefficient and shows a series of unsolved problems such as inefficient collection, no sorting process, and final disposal in open dumps with little or no gas and leachate control (Espinosa et al, 2019). There are currently a number of economic actors, mostly young entrepreneurs, with female protagonists, who propose different approaches and solutions to the different flows of materials derived from solid waste in Havana (paper and cardboard, plastics, wood, non-ferrous metals, etc.) and are part of a future and definitive system of integrated management of municipal solid waste in the city.<\/p><p>We develop an approach to the \u0308zero waste \u0308 paradigm in Havana with key elements that can change the prevailing situation throughout the city. Possible solutions to achieve a Havana with a \u0308zero waste \u0308 label include the application of the principles of circular economy in the main economic sectors, the training of the various local government agents, socio-economic and community factors, the clear definition of those responsible and executors as part of an integrated management system, inter-sectoral collaboration and citizen involvement.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f79d21e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f79d21e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13fb140 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"13fb140\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ef7378 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ef7378\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d65934 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3d65934\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"796\" height=\"844\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Web-capture_16-4-2022_04240_drive.google.com_.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3450\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Web-capture_16-4-2022_04240_drive.google.com_.jpeg 796w, https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Web-capture_16-4-2022_04240_drive.google.com_-283x300.jpeg 283w, https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Web-capture_16-4-2022_04240_drive.google.com_-141x150.jpeg 141w, https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Web-capture_16-4-2022_04240_drive.google.com_-768x814.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-425f936 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"425f936\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e060b91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e060b91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>The work in this PublicLab involves:<\/h3><ul><li>A diagnosis and characterisation of waste generation in the informal settlements of La Traviesa and San Nicol\u00e1s. The work delivered by the tema generated interest from the communities to develop community management system for the waste generated.<\/li><li>Development and implementation of the Reciklando apk, which led to the connection of potential users with the city&#8217;s door-to-door raw material collection services.<\/li><li>The design of devices for the treatment of part of the waste generated and possibly with project\u00b4s partners, the manufacture of prototypes once resources are available.<\/li><li>Development of the the Higher University Technical Degree in Integrated Waste Management, presented, approved and began to be taught in February 2023.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1807748303\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1807748303\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-9f5c08d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9f5c08d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3939ac9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3939ac9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a380909 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a380909\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Cuba-map-1024x464.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4422\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Cuba-map-1024x464.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Cuba-map-300x136.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Cuba-map-150x68.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Cuba-map-768x348.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Cuba-map-1536x697.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/649\/files\/2022\/04\/Cuba-map.jpeg 1755w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-241f8d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"241f8d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The current and prevailing policy has been the policy of eradication while in reality they have been growing and consolidating although with a weak infrastructure that keeps people off the transport grid hindering the access to the resources offered by the city.<\/p><p>Additionally these settlements have a poor infrastructure for waste management, which makes of them a contributor to the contamination of the bay. A new development planning tool is under construction in order to frame the conversion: The Plan Perspectivo de desarrollo de la bah\u00eda de La Habana (PPD-BH). The first version of the instrument identifies the slums challenge but calls for collaboration in order to build a consistent approach to be inserted in the new versions of the document. Therefore the transition of the area that equates that of the city as a whole has to deal with the co-production of a robust approach towards these off-gridded communities and amid a partnership with a wide range of actors GREAT will generate key knowledge to this aim.<\/p><p>The policy towards informal settlements is amid a thorough revision advanced by the new legal and policy frameworks, namely the New Urban Agenda. So, the policy is \u201cbeing built\u201d and GREAT can contribute to enhance it while it changes from the model of eradication to a model that understands other approaches including upgrading but that are not formalised in any document yet. What is particularly attractive for the selected settlement is that it is located within a national priority area in the early stages of transformation. Therefore the potential influence on the tools at local level becomes a pilot for policy making too.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acc0ab0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"acc0ab0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe329db elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fe329db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PublicLabs in Havana Transport &amp; Mobility Zero Waste Policy &amp; Urban Planning Transport is a complex issue in contemporary Havana and the effects of the blockade are extremely visible in this area. The vast majority of the population regardless of the income group they belong to relies on mobility modes that are not associated to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":74,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3389","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3389"}],"version-history":[{"count":71,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6662,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3389\/revisions\/6662"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/74"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/great\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}